Citrullus lanatus
The watermelon, a perennial vine belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family and the Citrullus genus, typically has a shape resembling a sphere or ellipse, with colors ranging from dark green to light green, or featuring black-green stripes or patterns. The seeds are mostly black, oval, and pointed at the tip. The stems and branches are sturdy and covered with light yellowish-brown downy hairs. The leaves are papery, triangular-ovate, with wavy edges. The flowering and fruiting period occurs from May to June. The watermelon received its name because it was introduced to China from the Western Regions in the 9th century. The origin of watermelon is in the arid desert regions of tropical Africa. It is primarily cultivated in tropical areas and has been grown in southern Xinjiang and Central Asia for over 1,000 years. Watermelon thrives in a warm and dry climate, but is not tolerant to cold. It is drought-resistant but not wet-tolerant, prefers sunlight, and requires a large amount of fertilizer. Sandy soil with loose texture, deep soil layer, and good drainage is the best for its growth. The main breeding methods are grafting and seed propagation. Through seed propagation, with the help of external forces or artificial cultivation, new watermelon seedlings will grow. Watermelon is a summer fruit with sweet flesh that can help cool down and relieve summer heat. The seeds contain oil and can be used as a snack food. The rind is used medicinally, with effects of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and lowering blood pressure.